Jane Fonda Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Free Essays

Jane Fonda Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Free Essays Jane Fonda Who is Jane Fonda? This is an inquiry frequently posed by numerous individuals with nobody right answer. She is an on-screen character, a wellness master, a previous socialist supporter, and in particular, an antiwar extremist during the Vietnam War. In spite of the fact that Jane Fonda was regarded as one of the 100 Women of the Century, her notorious name is one Vietnam veterans will always remember. As American warriors were losing their lives, she went into hostile area, stigmatizing American POWs, a large number of whom were tormented to death. Jane Fonda, a progressive lady whose endeavors dispirited American servicemen as well as made an individual war that would endure forever, blended governmental issues in with film to make her a scandalous legend. Naturally introduced to a group of riches, Jane Fonda advanced from a recognized on-screen character to one of the most dubious figures in Hollywood. Dropping from conspicuous figures ever, including Samuel Adams and Jane Seymour, Fonda grew up with next to no parental love and consideration. Her dad, entertainer Henry Fonda, seldom observed his little girl with the exception of the periodic exposure photograph shoot. Her sibling, Peter Fonda, and Jane burned through the vast majority of their adolescence at various live-in schools. The beginnings of Fondas energy for socialism can be credited to her initial life experience school in Paris, where she become a close acquaintence with French socialists and Vietcong delegates doled out in Paris (Mraffin 1). Back in the United States, Jane showed up with her dad. Building up her own acclaim, Jane started to take on various naughty movies, her most renowned being Barbarella. Tired of her sex little cat jobs and appearance, Jane took on a progressively genuine job, named They Shoot Horses Dont They? and furthermore built up an enthusiasm for governmental issues. Jane watched ladies driving walks, ladies getting thrashed, ladies approaching pikes, and they were not apprehensive. That experience totally changed her, and it started her scanning for what was behind everything (Andersen 171). Walk 8,1970, stamped Janes first section into the universe of activist dissent. Jane, a solid promoter of Coffee houses, or home bases where servicemen could experience antiwar promulgation and some espresso, was additionally attracted to the Black Panthers, the women's activist development, the predicament of the American Indian, government assistance moms, and the homestead development. Jane concluded that due to the accomplishment of my movies, I have more force and I mean to utilize it (Andersen 169) and the most ideal approach to handle every one of these issues was by method of a crosscountry visit. Utilizing her acting popularity, Jane acquired appearances on TV syndicated programs, and turned into a component speaker at various school grounds, driving innumerable enemy of war shows. Her addresses could be summed up by her announcement on November 22, 1970: I would think on the off chance that you comprehended what socialism was, you would implore on your knees that you would sometime become Communists (Mraffin 1). While traversing nation, Jane dropped in on Indian reservations, armed force bases, and G.I. cafés, planning to change over nonbelievers. At whatever point Jane talked at a Coffeehouse, she was addressing the convertedmostly frustrated draftees, raising not any more then a couple thousand spread the nation over, a little portion of the countries battling power (Andersen...). Inside time however, Janes enthusiasm for everything except for the Vietnam war reduced. Not, at this point content with spreading her radicalism inside the home positions, Fonda chose to exchange her marvelous clothing for a couple of Ho Chi Minh shoes, and Vietcong night wear. She left for her fourteen day remain in North Vietnam on July 8, 1972. Jane, with a few cameras threw around her neck, was driven on a voyage through besieged out emergency clinics, schools, production lines, towns, and embankments. The annihilation left Jane shaken, yet insufficient to prevent her from doing some assurance boosting for the adversary. It was then that Jane moved on board a North Vietnamese enemy of airplane weapon, used to shoot American men, and looked through the firearm sight searching for one of those blue peered toward killers (Sampley 1). In any case, on the off chance that She had halted, at that point, and got back, her outing may have before long been overlooked. Rather, Fonda elected to make a progression of ten purposeful publicity communicates over Radio Hanoi, intend ed to dispirit American servicemen while urging the North Vietnamese to battle more enthusiastically and murder more Americans. The communicates, alongside

Essay on Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

The Enraged Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God    Although Hurston's tale Their Eyes Were Watching God is a generally perused novel today, that wasn't generally the situation. At the point when her novel was first distributed, many dark perusers were irritated. It wasn't until the mid seventies when Hurston's tale was rediscovered. What parts of the novel chafed the perusers with the goal that it would be overlooked for over thirty years?  One of the most significant parts of the novel that goaded the dark perusers was Hurston's depiction of the white individuals. Perusers whined that Hurston wasn't unforgiving enough in her scrutinize of the white individuals' treatment towards the dark individuals. Instead of depicting whites as the cliché Simon Legree of Uncle Tom's Cabin-the perfect poor, supremacist white rubbish- most whites that partake in the novel are conversely exceptionally accommodating towards the blacks and show incredible sympathy towards them also. For instance, when Janie starts her story we meet the Washburns. These are the white people for whom Nanny worked for and they are exceptionally useful towards both Nanny and Janie by regarding them as though they are a piece of the family. In spite of a ton of whites at the time who regarded blacks as though they were still slaves, the Washburns treat both Nanny and Janie as individuals as opposed to slaves, indicating incredible regard and love. In a manne r they are depicted as heavenly attendants who genuinely have faith in human balance and don't have the slightest bit of partiality in them. Mah grandmother raised me. Mah grandmother and de white people she worked wid...They was quality white people up dere in West Florida. Named Washburn. She had four gran'chillun on de spot and we all played together... (8).  Moreover, by perusing Hurston's tale, one can plainly observe that all blacks place the whites on a platform of information. As per the blacks of the novel, whites know it all and are in every case right; they are better and since blacks are assumed than be oblivious and dumb, they ought to accept and do everything the whites state. For instance, Mrs. Turner expresses that she confides in just white specialists since dark specialists aren't as instructed and gifted as the white specialists. Try not to present to me no nigger specialist tuh hang over mah wiped out bed...White specialists consistently gits mah cash (135-136). Another model is the point at which the Indians are emptying the grime since they predict a major typhoon coming and the blacks don't clear expressing that since the whites aren't emptying there's no motivation to.

2015 Brass Rat

2015 Brass Rat Last Friday, Kirsten 15 and I (well actually the whole class of 2015) lined up outside in the chilly weather right outside of Kresge auditorium for a good half hour. For what purpose was this? ^We lined up with our sorority sisters.                RING PREMEIRE!!!!! MIT has a very long and rich tradition of  The Standard Technology Ring (but everyone calls it the Brass Rat). Basically, every class gets to choose a committee to design the class ring. For such a small piece of jewelry, it has so many symbols on it in honor of various events and ideas. Some ideas appear from year to year (such as IHTFP and the ivy leaves), while others are meant to commemorate attributes from only the class. If you google anything about the Brass Rat, you might find that Iron Man wears it.   And Hamsika 13 And Snively 11 And Melis A. 08 And Matt 00    (And he gives you a look at the brass rats from 2000-2010 :D) And apparently the class of 1999 was the first to have the Hackers Map on the inside. Our beautiful beaver looks like this Bezel: Class Shank Hackers Map: Skylines and Seal Shank: Our favorite parts of the ring include: It has not one, but TWO space exploration references! On the Bezels sidewalk is a footprint, commemorating the life of Neil Armstrong. On the Seal shank you can find the curiosity rover :D ~Ana Remember that awesome movie, Back to the Future? Well in the second movie, Marty travels to the future the year 2015 to be exact. Thus on the Boston Skyline, you can see a Delorean making its appearance in the future. ~Kirsten Also on the bezel is the green building, how it was seen during the tetris hack last year during CPW! I was in Boston when I saw it happen, and it just warms my heart to see it on the ring.~Ana Speaking of CPW, last year East Campus build a double pendulum for brave prefrosh to take a ride in. You can see the double pendulum in action on the Cambridge skyline. ~Kirsten Fenway can be seen on the Boston skyline. Why Fenway? Well, our Ring Delivery (when we get our rings) will be there!! ~ Kirsten Who can spot the pokémon? Yep. We even have a pokémon. ~Ana (And if youd like a detailed list of all of the hidden symbols,  visit this page.) Ring Premeire was the first time in a long, long time that we remember seeing all of my class at one place at the same time. (And its one of the only times that this will probably happen, including orientation, ring delivery, and graduation.) Excitement was/is hard to contain.The hard work and ups and downs of a year and a half of being at MIT made the night a meaningful oneour brass rats are one of the tangible, everyday things that well take with us when we graduate, a symbol of our experiences, a reason for alumni to stop and chat about their time at MIT when its noticed, and also a reason for people to ask you about it.  One of my unified professors, who also was an undergrad at MIT, asked the class about our rings and motioned to his own brass rat on his finger. He said it symbolized pride and tradition. He said also he looked forward to May when his brass rat greeted ours. Were looking forward to it too. :D May 2nd cant come soon enough! Post Tagged #Brass Rat

The War Of 1812 And Its Impact On American History

Early America is remembered primarily for its actions against Britain during the Revolutionary War, where we threw the despotic empire off our backs and declared our own independence. However, the War of 1812 was just as important when it came to its role in American history. Although the War of 1812 is a very small conflict in comparison to some of the wars and conflicts we have entered since then, the results of the War of 1812 have directly impacted American history ever since, both politically and historically. While the causes may not be completely understood in modern times, the causes and subsequent effects of the War of 1812 were so indissoluble that in order for them to be resolved, the only war ever to take place on United States soil first had to happen, the Civil War. One of the first causes of the War of 1812 was the issue of British ships taking sailors from United States ships and impressing them into the Royal Navy. Due to the long, ongoing war with Napoleon and France, Britain was seeking more sailors to serve aboard their ships. Claiming that British subjects could never denounce their citizenry, the British would repeatedly board American ships and seize anyone that they believed to be a former British subject. In his war message to Congress in June 1812, President James Madison claimed that, â€Å"British cruisers have been in the continued practice of violating the American flag on the great high way of nations, and of seizing and carrying off personsShow MoreRelatedRemembering A Forgotten War By Donald R. Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesName Tutor Course Date Book review Remembering a Forgotten war by Donald R. Hickey 2012, an academic journal, talks about the military history where by people were subjected to a difficult and different lifestyle than the one they were used too at that time. The journal explains in details how James Madison and other citizens in the state experienced harsh situations brought upon them by the Republican repugnance which was fee payment. The residents had to pay some money like the infrastructure feeRead MoreThe War of 1812: A Report702 Words   |  3 PagesThe War of 1812 The War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States, who had only achieved independence from their British oppressors less than 40 years before, and the British Empire, including Canada. The conflict between the United States and the British Empire lasted approximately two years and eight months. There are many factors that led to the United States declaring war on the British Empire including trade restrictions that were put in place because of the conflict between the BritishRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States1427 Words   |  6 Pages The War of 1812 is the second war between the United States of America and Great Britain that ends in a draw. Also referred to as the â€Å"Second War of Independence,† the cause of this military conflict is often believed to be a direct result of England’s attempt to humiliate the United States, limit the country’s growth and impact (acts of interference towards American trade, which is a sign of disrespect t owards American independence), and acts of impressment (taking sailors off American vesselsRead MoreThe Second War Of Independence907 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary War. With the British infringing on their unalienable rights, the American colonist knew they needed to take action to stop the overpowering British monarchy to preserve their freedom. The same situation arose in 1803 when the British started seizing American ships and stealing their goods. By 1812 the United States was fed up with Great Britain and their rebellious acts towards them. The United States declared war on June 18, 1812. Why is it that the American people consider the War of 1812Read More19th Century American History: Americas Second War of Independence1649 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿19th Century American History Introduction The United States of 1812 1840 rode a roller coaster of exciting expansion, deep financial crisis and rising nationalism. American pre-war tendency to explore and assume the West was empowered by the wars end, military bounties, improved transportation and the governments sometimes euphemistic descriptions of the West. The excesses of this Era of Good Feeling, combined with international and national factors, plunged America into the Panic of 1819Read MoreCause And Effects Of The War Of 18121061 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Vasquez Mr. Gill AP USH 9 October 2017 War of 1812 The War of 1812 is one of many wars that the USA will go through. The war is the first war that the new America would take part of and will be the first time the USA will declare war. The war lasted from June of 1813 to February of 1815, this is a span of two years and eight months. The war was fought by the United State verses the British. The war took place in many locations around the world which include the United States, Canada, onRead MoreThe War of 1812 between American and Britain1712 Words   |  7 PagesRevolutionary War between America and Britain, was the year that marked the beginning of a new conflict that would last America the next three years, the War of 1812. On June 16th of that year, President James Madison declared the start of a war that would greatly impact the future of our country. Britain, still one of the worlds greatest superpowers, was currently warring with France at the time of the declaration, however, Britains reputation as a formidable opponent stoo d strong. The War of 1812 heldRead MoreAnalysis Of Henry Clay s The Great Compromiser 1459 Words   |  6 Pages Title Marissa Walker Mr. Patrick Stoker HISTORY 1301-140 November 20, 2015 â€Æ' Humans have faults. Politicians are humans therefore they have faults. No matter how people feel about politicians most of them don’t wake up in the morning wanting to ruin the country. Many politicians take advantage of opportunities to make the country better in the way they see fit. Henry Clay is known for the strides he made to improve the quality of life for the American people. Henry Clay put forth every effortRead MoreEssay on One Classic Case1520 Words   |  7 Pagespursue national security. As we reflect on history, James Madison stands out as the antithesis of the attributes of a leader. In the early 19th century, President Washington had proposed a foreign policy of isolationism, abstaining from relations with other countries; in a state of crisis two subsequent President’s—Adams and Jefferson—had wisely pursued his principles. On the contrary, President James Madison (1809-1817) had irrationally shifted the American Foreign Policy from isola tionism to interventionRead MoreTecumseh: A Brief Biography824 Words   |  3 PagesHistory impacts the aspect of our lives in a variety of ways, it consists of vast amount of knowledge that’s been collected and stored for centuries in which is passed down as our story and or past as humans. Our lives as people, our customs, cultures, and how everything occurred to this day. The many significant figures in our lives as well and why they are important and how they made an influence to our lives and why they are discussed and relevant to our own education. There are many people who

Puritan Verse Twenty Century Deist Thinking - 2525 Words

Arthur P. Romero Instructor: Jonathan Cook ENG 231.190 –American Literature I 22 October 2014 Puritan verse eighteen century deist thinking Throughout history man’s view of God has constantly evolved. During the formation of America this is made evident when the 17th century Puritan idealism is confronted with 18th century Enlightenment. This collision of religious ideas would spark a change, and a new age in America. My research will shows the original American settlers had concepts and, emerging different understanding of the biblical scripture and, needed to come to grips with social and religious freedom from being exclusive to being more inclusive. Puritans traveled to New England in the early seventeenth century. They believed that economic and political force, and religious disagreements were creating a decline in English society. It is important to note that Puritans were non-separatists, meaning that â€Å"they wanted to reform the Church of England, not abandon it.†(Baym 165) The first colony that the Puritans set up was north of Plymouth, at Massachusetts Bay. However, after finding a gap in the charter they received from King Charles I the Puritans moved their capital to Salem, Massachusetts. John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Massachusetts Puritans sought to create their â€Å"City upon a hill† with laws and rules based on their religious rules. (Baym 177) A conservative hierarchical system was formed by Puritans based on God s will

A Rose for Emily Pressures of Society Free Essays

Pressures of Society Most people desire to fit in with the social norm. People do not want to be outcasts or different. Everyone in a society tries to fit into their cookie cutter forms to make themselves just like everyone else. We will write a custom essay sample on A Rose for Emily: Pressures of Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Society does not like those who don’t fit in and meet their standards. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the main character Emily lives in a society full of high morals and monetary status. The setting plays a huge role on the actions of Emily and forces her to seclude herself from the rest of society. A Rose for Emily† takes place in post- civil war Jefferson, a small town in the deep south of the United States. The setting of the story helps illuminate the values of society during that time. Emily’s society was built on the beliefs that the white, upper-class citizens were far more superior to everyone else. Being that they were more superior, everyone was held to a higher standard. The people of Jefferson were expected to have prim and proper houses and yards, high morals, and to obey all of the town’s laws. While Emily was part of the upper-class, she did not quite fit in to society’s cookie cutter mold. Emily’s house was an eyesore to the rest of the town, she was said to be dating a gay man who was of the working class, and she did not pay her taxes. The people of the town began to question Emily’s sanity because she was not just like everyone else. â€Å"Some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people†¦. but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister†¦. o call upon her. † (94-95) These actions show how much society truly wanted to change Emily’s way of life so she would fit in with them and stop ruining their image. The southern country setting with these harsh conditions led Emily to lock herself in her home in order to seclude herself from society. Emily did not feel welcome in her society. She knew that the others judged her and looked down upon her for her actions. The pressu res of society took a huge toll on Emily. The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good. When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them. † (95). Emily felt as though she was a total outcast in her society and she became insane because of it. After her death, the town finds out that Emily had murdered her future husband. She had truly gone insane due to the pressure that society had placed on her. All in all, Emily’s harsh society that she lived in caused her to feel unwelcome and go insane. Emily felt forced into locking herself away in her home to seclude herself from society. The high moral standards that the rich white southerners place on society greatly affected the life of Miss Emily. Emily did not fit into society’s cookie cutter mold, and as a result she was ridiculed and cast away from the rest of society. The pressures of society can have a very damaging effect on those who do not fit into the social norms. How to cite A Rose for Emily: Pressures of Society, Papers

Sophies World Review Essay Example

Sophies World Review Paper Essay on Sophies World The book became an international bestseller since its first publication in 1991 and has published the second edition of the Russian translation T. Dobronickiy. In fact, it plots the course, which consists in the fact that a stranger supplies curious girl Sophia Amunnsen letters-essays on different philosophical wisdom, is very effective. This is a quote from a review of a specialist in modern Western philosophy, gave the book the highest rating. Review can be read here: It turns against children to the true philosophy known Nietzschean formula a cheerful science, that at such ease and conducted narrative. By the way, one more time, in contrast to the numerous slanders Marxism, even in this book it is ineteresno and complimentary interpretation of Marxism has led to a tremendous change. There is no doubt that socialism largely managed to do away with the inhuman society. In any case, we in Europe society more just and shows more solidarity than it was when Marx. We owe this to both M arx and the whole socialist movement (s.495-496). In the west, the tradition of teaching philosophy to children there for a long time, and we have learned so far to adopt the worst -. Tests to punctually discarded most intelligent, intelligent and creative media sanity we, as usual, are imitating the western, but the that it is appropriate that we look like a cartoon. thats a newfangled fad in our pedagogy, entitled philosophy for children was something like that. Sophies World Review Essay Example Sophies World Review Paper Essay on Sophies World Material feed on themselves philosophers and scientists seemed very interesting written. Just as a pencil sketch. you can achieve this effect in the drawing, if the top of the figure repeatedly lay down a clean sheet of translucent paper and trace the outline of the translucent. At some point, all the extra parts will be eliminated and will remain a clear concise picture. But the lyrical digressions about Sofia and Hilde sometimes seemed not entirely justified. Fabulously looks like a child, to the girl, lively interest in questions of philosophy. And the fact that it is quite different to a simple logical conclusions comes only by reading philosophical lectures, and not from their own experience, tells about some of its intellectual sterility. Similar to the way some schematically the attempts Sofia then use the acquired philosophical knowledge although that take this Sofia -. A fictional character, he is a fictional character We will write a custom essay sample on Sophies World Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sophies World Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sophies World Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The theme of the double conditionality of the book world, where a fictional character in his turn invents another character not only revives read as making a welter in the plot. And if the reception had to reveal to us our own nature as creatures of a higher intelligence, which is free to do with our lives whatever he pleases, in our reality, the Most High does not get us constant reminders about yourself and wonders like Mickey Mouse on the lake because somehow we are still and argue about whether there is a reason that most of us Here are a few of the sloppy from the standpoint of logic (especially in the book of philosophy), the story of Sofia and Hilda and I lowered the estimate of the book .

Biography of Mahatma Gandhi †World History Essay

Biography of Mahatma Gandhi – World History Essay Free Online Research Papers Biography of Mahatma Gandhi World History Essay Mohandas K. Gandhi, known to most of the world as Mahatma Gandhi, changed the world with his fight for peace, fairness, and equality. He taught the world that violence is not the only way to create change. Through his own example he showed the world that non-violence is the best way to create change and that anyone, no matter who they are, can create change through strength of character and perseverance. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born and raised in a small suburb of Bombay, India called Porbandar on October 2, 1869. He was never a great student and always had a hard time in school. As was the custom at that time in India, he was married at the age of 13 to Kasturba and his father died when he was in only the tenth grade. He joined a college, but dropped out after just three months because he didn’t like it. He then decided to go to England to get a law degree, and in September of 1888 at the age of 18 he left for London. In 1891 he returned to India as planned with his law degree. Then, in 1893 he decided to go to South Africa for one year to assist another lawyer . When he saw the racial discrimination that that Indians in South Africa were subjected to he decided to stay in South Africa and fight for the rights for those Indians and ended up staying there for twenty years. It was there that he developed his famous non-violent civil disobedience technique called Satyagraha. Finally, in 1915, after he felt that he had achieved his goals in South Africa he returned to India and remained there until his death. South Africa was not the only place that Gandhi used his amazing skills to cause a change for the people. After returning to India he spent the rest of his life fighting for the independence of India and for religious and racial tolerance within India. Gandhi played an extremely major role in India’s fight for Independence. He taught the people his non-violent techniques through his many newspapers and taught the people to be able to support themselves without the help of the British. He organized boycotts on British goods and helped the Indian people show the British that they were unwanted and unneeded in India, but he never once allowed violence . If the people ever broke out in violence he would stop eating until the violence stopped. He was extremely loved by the Indian people and when they realized he was starving himself the fighting always stopped. He spent many years of his life in jail because of what he fought for, but felt that it was an honorable thing to go to ja il for what you believe in . Although Gandhi never fought in Europe, the things he fought for affected the Europeans greatly. At the time Britain was the country with the most land across the globe and India was one of its largest colonies. The loss of India from the British Empire greatly weakened Britain both in land and resources. They no longer had their stronghold to the east and could no longer so easily obtain resources like spices. Britain and France, throughout history have had an ongoing battle at who is the stronger country, and although Britain was the stronger country at the time, the loss of India helped France catch up by a large amount . Because of Gandhi the people of the world learned the importance of non-violence and of standing up for what you believe in, and that courage is not measured by physical strength. Because of Gandhi the face of the world was changed. The British Empire was greatly weakened and the Indian people were free to rule themselves. Although Gandhi achieved a tremendous amount of great things in his lifetime he died feeling that he had failed because he had not been able to create peace between Hindus and Muslims in India . â€Å"Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand†. Encarta.com. 2005. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 12 February 2005. . Iyer, Raghavan. â€Å"Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand†. The World Book Encyclopedia, Millennium 2000 Edition. World Book, Inc., Chicago, 2000. Pg. 25. â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi Archives†. Photokunst.com. 13 February 2005. . Sinha, Shall. â€Å"A Nutshell Biography of Mahatma Gandhi†. Ssinha.com. 13 February 2005. . â€Å"Timeline: From Empire to Commwealth†. BBC.co.uk. BBC News. 17 February 2005. . â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi Archives†. Photokunst.com. 13 February 2005. . Research Papers on Biography of Mahatma Gandhi - World History EssayPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Calculate the Expected Value in Roulette

Calculate the Expected Value in Roulette The concept of expected value can be used to analyze the casino game of roulette.  We can use this idea from probability to determine how much money, in the long run, we will lose by playing roulette.   Background A roulette wheel in the U.S. contains 38 equally sized spaces. The wheel is spun and a ball randomly lands in one of these spaces. Two spaces are green and have numbers 0 and 00 on them. The other spaces are numbered from 1 to 36. Half of these remaining spaces are red and half of them are black. Different wagers can be made on where the ball will end up landing. A common bet is to choose a color, such as red, and wager that the ball will land on any of the 18 red spaces. Probabilities for Roulette Since the spaces are the same size, the ball is equally likely to land in any of the spaces.  This means that a roulette wheel involves a uniform probability distribution. The probabilities that we will need to calculate our expected value are as follows: There are a total of 38 spaces, and so the probability that a ball lands on one particular space is 1/38.There are 18 red spaces, and so the probability that red occurs is 18/38.There are 20 spaces that are black or green, and so the probability that red does not occur is 20/38. Random Variable The net winnings on a roulette wager can be thought of as a discrete random variable. If we bet $1 on red and red occurs, then we win our dollar back and another dollar. This results in net winnings of 1. If we bet $1 on red and green or black occurs, then we lose the dollar that we bet. This results in net winnings of -1. The random variable X defined as the net winnings from betting on red in roulette will take the value of 1 with probability 18/38 and will take the value -1 with probability 20/38. Calculation of Expected Value We use the above information with the formula for expected value. Since we have a discrete random variable X for net winnings, the expected value of betting $1 on red in roulette is: P(Red) x (Value of X for Red) P(Not Red) x (Value of X for Not Red) 18/38 x 1 20/38 x (-1) -0.053. Interpretation of Results It helps to remember the meaning of expected value to interpret the results of this calculation. The expected value is very much a measurement of the center or average. It indicates what will happen in the long run every time that we bet $1 on red. While we might win several times in a row in the short term, in the long run we will lose over 5 cents on average each time that we play. The presence of the 0 and 00 spaces are just enough to give the house a slight advantage. This advantage is so small that it can be difficult to detect, but in the end, the house always wins.

Current Issues in Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Current Issues in Finance - Essay Example As the paper highlights not to miss mentioning is the news of UK Prudential closing $35.5B takeover bid of AIG Asian due to pressure from the shareholders to lower the bid asking rate by $30B. Market was not in favor of clinching the deal, as after cancelling the deal, Prudential’s shares rose by 6.3% on Tuesday. At the same time, the ending of the takeover bid was a blow to the AIG efforts to pay back the loan of $132 billion to the Treasury from the proceeds of the sale to Prudential, which was taken to save the AIG from collapsing from the financial crisis in 2008. This discussion outlines that there could be a number of reasons attributed to a merger or acquisition wherein payment is made through stock. Companies are acquired with the aim of safer income streams, as cost of debt could be very high and banks won’t be forthcoming with the offer of reduced rate of interests. Mergers where price/earning ratio (P/E) is very high are not welcomed because of the fear of loss of income over share price. If a company’s stocks are an all-time high, in stead of paying cash it offers its new stock shares. But sometimes it becomes all the more difficult for the buyer company to evaluate the target company as the stock price of the target company rises due to the possibility of merger bid. Answers to the above questions can be reached at by analysing the cases of acquisitions and mergers in the literature in the recent past on the financial and valuation aspects of such acquisitions and mergers. There could be number of motives behind an acqui sition. Diversification in a different line of business has been an aim to be achieved through acquisition.

Culture Wear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture Wear - Essay Example The only misconception that the westerners and probably some of the Muslims are also carrying is that the covering of hair is not related to the culture aspects (Human Rights News, 2005). It is more of a religious obligation that every Muslim woman should follow. This head covering is also prescribed by the law of Christianity for women as well and the nuns follow it too. In the same way, other artifacts which have religious obligation for some of the sects of Islam or any other religion for that matter, are also of religious importance and cannot degrade the assimilation of one individual in a different culture. This misconception is in the minds of the people that following these rituals, behaviors or artifacts can hinder the evolution of an individual in a different culture. The religious values remain the same for those who know the importance of those values; the way of integrating them into their newly adopted culture is the real task for that individual. This kind of behavior usually results in the modification of the new culture in accordance with the rules and regulations of an individual's religion. An example ne

Acceptance of MNC Mutual Fund by IFAS

Acceptance of MNC Mutual Fund by IFAS Introduction Mutual fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. This pool of money is invested in accordance with a stated objective. The joint ownership of the fund is thus â€Å"Mutual†, i.e. the fund belongs to all investors. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion the number of units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost. A Mutual Fund is an investment tool that allows small investors access to a well-diversified portfolio of equities, bonds and other securities. Each shareholder participates in the gain or loss of the fund. Units are issued and can be redee med as needed. The funds Net Asset value (NAV) is determined each day. Investments in securities are spread across a wide cross-section of industries and sectors and thus the risk is reduced. Diversification reduces the risk because all stocks may not move in the same direction in the same proportion at the same time. Mutual fund issues units to the investors in accordance with quantum of money invested by them. Investors of mutual funds are known as unit- holders. ORGANISATION OF MUTUAL FUND Mutual funds have a unique structure not shared with other entities such as companies of firms. It is important for employees agents to be aware of the special nature of this structure, because it determines the rights responsibilities of the funds constituents viz., sponsors, trustees, custodians, transfer agents of course, the fund the Asset Management Company(AMC) the legal structure also drives the inter-relationships between these constituents. The structure of the mutual fund India is governed by the SEBI (Mutual Funds) regulations, 1996. These regulations make it mandatory for mutual funds to have a structure of sponsor, trustee, AMC, custodian. The sponsor is the promoter of the mutual fund, appoints the trustees. The trustees are responsible to the investors in the mutual fund, appoint the AMC for managing the investment portfolio. The AMC is the business face of the mutual fund, as it manages all affairs of the mutual fund. The mutual fund the AMC have to be register ed with SEBI. Custodian, who is also registered with SEBI, holds the securities of various schemes of the fund in its custody. SEBI SEBI regulates mutual funds, depositories, custodians and registrars transfer agents in the country. The applicable guidelines for mutual funds are set out in SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996, as amended till date. An updated and comprehensive list of circulars issued by SEBI can be found in the Mutual Funds section of SEBIs website. Some segments of the financial markets have their own independent regulatory bodies. Wherever applicable, mutual funds need to comply with these other regulators also. For instance, RBI regulates the money market and foreign exchange market in the country. Therefore, mutual funds need to comply with RBIs regulations regarding investment in the money market, investments outside the country, investments from people other than Indians resident in India, remittances (inward and outward) of foreign currency etc. Stock Exchanges are regulated by SEBI. Every stock exchange has its own listing, trading and margining rules. Mutual Funds need to comply with the rules of the exchanges with which they choose to have a business relationship. Anyone who is aggrieved by a ruling of SEBI, can file an appeal with the Securities Appellate Tribunal. Sponsor: The sponsor is the promoter of the mutual fund. The sponsor establishes the Mutual fund registers the same with SEBI. He appoints the trustees, Custodians the AMC with prior approval of SEBI, in accordance with SEBI regulations. He must have at least five year track record of business interest in the financial markets. Sponsor must have been profit making in at least three of the above five years. He must contribute at least 40% of the capital of the AMC. Trustees: The Mutual Fund may be managed by a Board of trustees of individuals, or a trust company a corporate body. Most of the funds in India are managed by board of trustees. While the board of trustees is governed by the provisions of the Indian trust act, where the trustee is the corporate body, it would also be required to comply with the provisions of the companies act, 1956. The board of trustee company, as an independent body, act as protector of the unit holders interest. The trustees dont directly manage the portfolio of securities. For this specialist function, they appoint an AMC. They ensure that the fund is managed by AMC as per the defined objectives in accordance with the trust deed SEBI regulations. The trust is created through a document called the trust deed i.e., executed by the fund sponsor in favor of the trustees. The trust deed is required to be stamped as registered under the provision of the Indian registration act registered with SEBI. The trustees begin the pri mary guardians of the unit holders funds assets; a trustee has to be a person of high repute integrity. Custodian: Often an independent organization, it takes custody all securities other assets of mutual fund. Its responsibilities include receipt delivery of securities collecting income-distributing dividends, safekeeping of the unit segregating assets settlements between schemes. Mutual fund is managed either trust company board of trustees. Board of trustees trust are governed by provisions of Indian trust act. If trustee is a company, it is also subject Indian Company Act. Trustees appoint AMC in consultation with the sponsors according to SEBI regulation. All mutual fund schemes floated by AMC have to be approved by trustees. Trustees review ensure that net worth of the company is according to stipulated norms, every quarter. Though the trust is the mutual fund, the AMC is its operational face. The AMC is the first functionary to be appointed, is involved in appointment of all other functionaries. The AMC structures the mutual fund products, markets them mobilizes fund, manages the funds services to the investors. Other Service Providers RTA The RTA maintains investor records. Their offices in various centres serve as Investor Service Centres (ISCs), which perform a useful role in handling the documentation of investors. The appointment of RTA is done by the AMC. It is not compulsory to appoint a RTA. The AMC can choose to handle this activity in house. All RTAs need to register with SEBI. Auditors Auditors are responsible for the audit of accounts. Accounts of the schemes need to be maintained independent of the accounts of the AMC. The auditor appointed to audit the scheme accounts needs to be different from the auditor of the AMC. While the scheme auditor is appointed by the Trustees, the AMC auditor is appointed by the AMC. Fund Accountants The fund accountant performs the role of calculating the NAV, by collecting information about the assets and liabilities of each scheme. The AMC can either handle this activity in-house, or engage a service provider. Collecting Bankers The investors moneys go into the bank account of the scheme they have invested in. These bank accounts are maintained with collection bankers who are appointed by the AMC. Leading collection bankers make it convenient to invest in the schemes by accepting applications of investors in most of their branches. Payment instruments against applications handed over to branches of the AMC or the RTA need to be banked with the collecting bankers, so that the moneys are available for investment by the scheme. Through this kind of a mix of constituents and specialized service providers, most mutual funds maintain high standards of service and safety for investors. Distributors Distributors have a key role in selling suitable types of units to their clients i.e. the investors in the schemes. Distributors need to pass the prescribed certification test, and register with AMFI. Asset Management Company (AMC) Day to day operations of asset management are handled by the AMC. It therefore arranges for the requisite offices and infrastructure, engages employees, provides for the requisite software, handles advertising and sales promotion, and interacts with regulators and various service providers. The AMC has to take all reasonable steps and exercise due diligence to ensure that the investment of funds pertaining to any scheme is not contrary to the provisions of the SEBI regulations and the trust deed. Further, it has to exercise due diligence and care in all its investment decisions. As per SEBI regulations: The directors of the asset management company need to be persons having adequate professional experience in finance and financial services related field. The directors as well as key personnel of the AMC should not have been found guilty of moral turpitude or convicted of any economic offence or violation of any securities laws. Key personnel of the AMC should not have worked for any asset management company or mutual fund or any intermediary during the period when its registration was suspended or cancelled at any time by SEBI. Prior approval of the trustees is required, before a person is appointed as director on the board of the AMC. Further, at least 50% of the directors should be independentdirectors i.e. not associate of or associated with the sponsor or anyof its subsidiaries or the trustees. The AMC needs to have a minimum net worth of Rs10 crores. An AMC cannot invest in its own schemes, unless the intention to invest is disclosed in the Offer Document. Further, the AMC cannot charge any fees for the investment. The appointment of an AMC can be terminated by a majority of the trustees, or by 75% of the Unit-holders. However, any change in the AMC is subject to prior approval of SEBI and the Unit-holders. Asset Management Companies In India INDIAN AMCs Axis Asset Management Company Ltd. Baroda Pioneer Asset Management Company Limited Birla Sun Life Asset Management Co. Ltd. Canara Robeco Asset Management Co. Ltd. DSP BlackRock Investment Managers Ltd. Edelweiss Asset Management Limited Escorts Asset Management Ltd. HDFC Asset Management Co. Ltd. ICICI Prudential Asset Management Co. Ltd. IDBI Asset Management Ltd. IDFC Asset Management Company Private Limited J.M. Financial Asset Management Private Ltd. LIC Nomura Asset Management Co. Ltd. LT Investment Management Limited Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Co. Ltd. Motilal Oswal Asset Management Co. Ltd. Peerless Funds Management Co. Ltd. Quantum Asset Management Co. Private Ltd. Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. Religare Asset Management Company Private Limited Sahara Asset Management Co. Private Ltd. SBI Funds Management Private Ltd. Sundaram Asset Management Company Limited Tata Asset Management Ltd. Taurus Asset Management Co. Ltd. UTI Asset Management Company Ltd. MNC AMCs AIG Global Asset Management Company (India) Private Ltd. Bharti AXA Investment Managers Private Limited BNP Paribas Asset Management India Private Limited Daiwa Asset Management (India) Private Limited Deutsche Asset Management (India) Private Ltd. FIL Fund Management Private Ltd. Fortis Investment Management (India) Pvt. Ltd. Franklin Templeton Asset Management (India) Private Ltd. Goldman Sachs Asset Management (India) Private Limited HSBC Asset Management (India) Private Ltd. ING Investment Management (India) Private Ltd. JP Morgan Asset Management (India) Private Ltd. Mirae Asset Global Investments (India) Private Ltd. Morgan Stanley Investment Management Private Ltd. Principal PNB Asset Management Co. Private Ltd. Pramerica Asset Managers Private Limited Mutual Fund Industry in India The Evolution The formation of Unit Trust of India marked the evolution of the Indian mutual fund industry in the year 1963. The primary objective at that time was to attract the small investors and it was made possible through the collective efforts of the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India. The history of mutual fund industry in India can be better understood divided into following phases: Phase 1. Establishment and Growth of Unit Trust of India 1964-87 Unit Trust of India enjoyed complete monopoly when it was established in the year 1963 by an act of Parliament. UTI was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and it continued to operate under the regulatory control of the RBI until the two were de-linked in 1978 and the entire control was transferred in the hands of Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI). UTI launched its first scheme in 1964, named as Unit Scheme 1964 (US-64), which attracted the largest number of investors in any single investment scheme over the years. UTI launched more innovative schemes in 1970s and 80s to suit the needs of different investors. It launched ULIP in 1971 and six more schemes during 1981-84, Childrens Gift Growth Fund and India Fund (Indias first offshore fund) in 1986, Mastershare (Indias first equity diversified scheme) in 1987 and Monthly Income Schemes (offering assured returns) during 1990s. By the end of 1987, UTIs assets under management grew ten times to Rs 6700 crores. Phase II. Entry of Public Sector Funds 1987-1993 The Indian mutual fund industry witnessed a number of public sector players entering the market in the year 1987. In November 1987, SBI Mutual Fund from the State Bank of India became the first non-UTI mutual fund in India. SBI Mutual Fund was later followed by Canbank Mutual Fund, LIC Mutual Fund, Indian Bank Mutual Fund, Bank of India Mutual Fund, GIC Mutual Fund and PNB Mutual Fund. By 1993, the assets under management of the industry increased seven times to Rs. 47,004 crores. However, UTI remained to be the leader with about 80% market share. Phase III. Emergence of Private Sector Funds 1993-96 The permission given to private sector funds including foreign fund management companies (most of them entering through joint ventures with Indian promoters) to enter the mutual fund industry in 1993, provided a wide range of choice to investors and more competition in the industry. Private funds introduced innovative products, investment techniques and investor-servicing technology. By 1994-95, about 11 private sector funds had launched their schemes. Phase IV. Growth and SEBI Regulation 1996-2004 The mutual fund industry witnessed robust growth and stricter regulation from the SEBI after the year 1996. The mobilisation of funds and the number of players operating in the industry reached new heights as investors started showing more interest in mutual funds. Investors interests were safeguarded by SEBI and the Government offered tax benefits to the investors in order to encourage them. SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996 was introduced by SEBI that set uniform standards for all mutual funds in India. The Union Budget in 1999 exempted all dividend incomes in the hands of investors from income tax. Various Investor Awareness Programmes were launched during this phase, both by SEBI and AMFI, with an objective to educate investors and make them informed about the mutual fund industry. In February 2003, the UTI Act was repealed and UTI was stripped of its Special legal status as a trust formed by an Act of Parliament. The primary objective behind this was to bring all mutual fund players on the same level. UTI was re-organised into two parts: The Specified Undertaking, The UTI Mutual Fund Presently Unit Trust of India operates under the name of UTI Mutual Fund and its past schemes (like US-64, Assured Return Schemes) are being gradually wound up. However, UTI Mutual Fund is still the largest player in the industry. Phase V. Growth and Consolidation 2004 Onwards The industry has also witnessed several mergers and acquisitions recently, examples of which are acquisition of schemes of Alliance Mutual Fund by Birla Sun Life, Sun FC Mutual Fund and PNB Mutual Fund by Principal Mutual Fund. Simultaneously, more international mutual fund players have entered India like Fidelity, Franklin Templeton Mutual Fund etc. There were 29 funds as at the end of March 2006. This is a continuing phase of growth of the industry through consolidation and entry of new international and private sector players. Key Developments over the Years The mutual fund industry in India has come a long way. Significant spurts in size were noticed in the late 80s, when public sector mutual funds were first permitted, and then in the mid-90s, when private sector mutual funds commenced operations. In the last few years, institutional distributors increased their focus on mutual funds. The emergence of stock exchange brokers as an additional channel of distribution, the continuing growth in convenience arising out of technological developments and higher financial literacy in the market should drive the growth of mutual funds in future.AUM of the industry, as of February 2010 has touched Rs 766,869 crores from 832 schemes offered by 38 mutual funds. In some advanced countries, mutual fund AUM is a multiple of bank deposits. In India, mutual fund AUM is hardly 10% of bank deposits. This is indicative of the immense potential for growth of the industry. The high proportion of AUM in debt, largely from institutional investors is not in line with the role of mutual funds, which is to channelize retail money into transforming mutual funds into a truly retail vehicle of capital mobilization for the larger benefit of the economy the capital market. Various regulatory measures to reduce the costs and increase the conveniences for investors are aimed at. ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUND Professional Management Mutual funds offer investors the opportunity to earn an income or build their wealth through professional management of their investible funds. There are several aspects to such professional management viz. investing in line with the investment objective, investing based on adequate research, and ensuring that prudent investment processes are followed.   Affordable Portfolio Diversification Units of a scheme give investors exposure to a range of securities held in the investment portfolio of the scheme. Thus, even a small investment of Rs 5,000 in a mutual fund scheme can give investors a diversified investment portfolio. With diversification, an investor ensures that all the eggs are not in the same basket. Consequently, the investor is less likely to lose money on all the investments at the same time. Thus, diversification helps reduce the risk in investment. In order to achieve the same diversification as a mutual fund scheme, investors will need to set apart several lakhs of rupees. Instead, they can achieve the diversification through an investment of a few thousand rupees in a mutual fund scheme.   Economies of Scale The pooling of large sums of money from so many investors makes it possible for the mutual fund to engage professional managers to manage the investment. Individual investors with small amounts to invest cannot, by themselves, afford to engage such professional management. Large investment corpus leads to various other economies of scale. For instance, costs related to investment research and office space get spread across investors. Further, the higher transaction volume makes it possible to negotiate better terms with brokers, bankers and other service providers.   Liquidity At times, investors in financial markets are stuck with a security for which they cant find a buyer worse; at times they cant find the company they invested in! Such investments, whose value the investor cannot easily realise in the market, are technically called illiquid investments and may result in losses for the investor. Investors in a mutual fund scheme can recover the value of the moneys invested, from the mutual fund itself. Depending on the structure of the mutual fund scheme, this would be possible, either at any time, or during specific intervals, or only on closure of the scheme. Schemes where the money can be recovered from the mutual fund only on closure of the scheme, are listed in a stock exchange. In such schemes, the investor can sell the units in the stock exchange to recover the prevailing value of the investment.   Tax benefits Specific schemes of mutual funds (Equity Linked Savings Schemes) give investors the benefit of deduction of the amountinvested, from their income that is liable to tax. This reduces theirtaxable income, and therefore the tax liability. Further, the dividend that the investor receives from the scheme is tax-free in his hands.   Investment Comfort Once an investment is made with a mutual fund, they make it convenient for the investor to make further purchases with very little documentation. This simplifies subsequent investment activity.   Convenient Options The options offered under a scheme allow investors to structure their investments in line with their liquidity preference and tax position.   Regulatory Comfort The regulator, Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has mandated strict checks and balances in the structure of mutual funds and their activities. These are detailed in the subsequent units. Mutual fund investors benefit from such protection. LIMITATIONS OF MUTUAL FUND   Lack of portfolio customization Some securities houses offer Portfolio Management Schemes to large investors. In a PMS, the investor has better control over what securities are bought and sold on his behalf. On the other hand, a unit-holder is just one of several thousand investors in a scheme. Once a unit-holder has bought into the scheme, investment management is left to the fund manager (within the broad parameters of the investment objective). Thus, the unit-holder cannot influence what securities or investments the scheme would buy. Large sections of investors lack the time or the knowledge to be able to make portfolio choices. Therefore, lack of portfolio customization is not a serious limitation in most cases.   Choice overload Over 800 mutual fund schemes offered by 38 mutual funds and multiple options within those schemes make it difficult for investors to choose between them. Greater dissemination of industry information through various media and availability of professional advisors in the market should help investors handle this overload.   No control over costs All the investors moneys are pooled together in a scheme. Costs incurred for managing the scheme are shared by all the Unit holders in proportion to their holding of Units in the scheme. Therefore, an individual investor has no control over the costs in a scheme. SEBI has however imposed certain limits on the expenses that can be charged to any scheme. These limits vary with the size of assets and the nature of the scheme.   No guarantees No investment is risk free. If the entire stock market declines in value, the value of mutual fund shares will go down as well, no matter how balanced the portfolio. Investors encounter fewer risks when they invest in mutual funds than when they buy and sell stocks on their own. However, anyone who invests through a mutual fund runs the risk of losing money.   Management risk When you invest in a mutual fund, you depend on the funds manager to make the right decisions regarding the funds portfolio. If the manager does not perform as well as we had hoped, we might not make as much money on our investment as we expected. However, if we invest in Index Funds, we forego management risk, because these funds do not employ fund managers. TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND Equity Funds are considered to be the more risky funds as compared to other fund types, but they also provide higher returns than other funds. It is advisable that an investor looking to invest in an equity fund should invest for long term i.e. for 3 years or more. There are different types of equity funds each falling into different risk bracket. In the order of decreasing risk level, there are following types of equity funds: Aggressive Growth Funds In Aggressive Growth Funds, fund managers aspire for maximum capital appreciation and invest in less researched shares of speculative nature. Because of these speculative investments Aggressive Growth Funds become more volatile and thus, are prone to higher risk than other equity funds. Growth Funds Growth Funds also invest for capital appreciation (with time horizon of 3 to 5 years) but they are different from Aggressive Growth Funds in the sense that they invest in companies that are expected to outperform the market in the future. Without entirely adopting speculative strategies, Growth Funds invest in those companies that are expected to post above average earnings in the future. Speciality Funds Speciality Funds have stated criteria for investments and their portfolio comprises of only those companies that meet their criteria. Criteria for some speciality funds could be to invest/not to invest in particular regions/companies. Speciality funds are concentrated and thus, are comparatively riskier than diversified funds. There are following types of speciality funds: i. Sector Funds: Speciality Funds have stated criteria for investments and their portfolio comprises of only those companies that meet their criteria. Criteria for some speciality funds could be to invest/not to invest in particular regions/companies. Speciality funds are concentrated and thus, are comparatively riskier than diversified funds.. There are following types of speciality funds: ii. Foreign Securities Funds: Foreign Securities Equity Funds have the option to invest in one or more foreign companies. Foreign securities funds achieve international diversification and hence they are less risky than sector funds. However, foreign securities funds are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk and country risk. iii. Mid-Cap or Small-Cap Funds: Funds that invest in companies having lower market capitalization than large capitalization companies are called Mid-Cap or Small-Cap Funds. Market capitalization of Mid-Cap companies is less than that of big, blue chip companies (less than Rs. 2500 crores but more than Rs. 500 crores) and Small-Cap companies have market capitalization of less than Rs. 500 crores. Market Capitalization of a company can be calculated by multiplying the market price of the companys share by the total number of its outstanding shares in the market. The shares of Mid-Cap or Small-Cap Companies are not as liquid as of Large-Cap Companies which gives rise to volatility in share prices of these companies and consequently, investment gets risky. iv. Option Income Funds: While not yet available in India, Option Income Funds write options on a large fraction of their portfolio. Proper use of options can help to reduce volatility, which is otherwise considered as a risky instrument. These funds invest in big, high dividend yielding companies, and then sell options against their stock positions, which generate stable income for investors. Diversified Equity Funds Except for a small portion of investment in liquid money market, diversified equity funds invest mainly in equities without any concentration on a particular sector(s). These funds are well diversified and reduce sector-specific or company-specific risk. However, like all other funds diversified equity funds too are exposed to equity market risk. One prominent type of diversified equity fund in India is Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS). As per the mandate, a minimum of 90% of investments by ELSS should be in equities at all times. ELSS investors are eligible to claim deduction from taxable income (up to Rs 1 lakh) at the time of filing the income tax return. ELSS usually has a lock-in period and in case of any redemption by the investor before the expiry of the lock-in period makes him liable to pay income tax on such income(s) for which he may have received any tax exemption(s) in the past. Equity Index Funds Equity Index Funds have the objective to match the performance of a specific stock market index. The portfolio of these funds comprises of the same companies that form the index and is constituted in the same proportion as the index. Equity index funds that follow broad indices (like SP CNX Nifty, Sensex) are less risky than equity index funds that follow narrow sectoral indices (like BSEBANKEX or CNX Bank Index etc). Narrow indices are less diversified and therefore, are more risky. Value Funds Value Funds invest in those companies that have sound fundamentals and whose share prices are currently under-valued. The portfolio of these funds comprises of shares that are trading at a low Price to Earning Ratio (Market Price per Share / Earning per Share) and a low Market to Book Value (Fundamental Value) Ratio. Value Funds may select companies from diversified sectors and are exposed to lower risk level as compared to growth funds or speciality funds. Value stocks are generally from cyclical industries (such as cement, steel, sugar etc.) which make them volatile in the short-term. Therefore, it is advisable to invest in Value funds with a long-term time horizon as risk in the long term, to a large extent, is reduced. Equity Income or Dividend Yield Funds The objective of Equity Income or Dividend Yield Equity Funds is to generate high recurring income and steady capital appreciation for investors by investing in those companies which issue high dividends (such as Power or Utility companies whose share prices fluctuate comparatively lesser than other companies share prices). Equity Income or Dividend Yield Equity Funds are generally exposed to the lowest risk level as compared to other equity funds. Money Market / Liquid Funds invest in short-term (maturing within one year) interest bearing debt instruments. These securities are highly liquid and provide safety of investment, thus making money market / liquid funds the safest investment option when compared with other mutual fund types. However, even money market

Lord of the Flies, Quote Analysis

Chapter four of Lord of the Flies is an important chapter of the book. It contains some key turning points of the plot and shows various major developments of the characters. It this essay, three quotes concerning theme, symbolism and irony in chapter four will be analysed. In chapter four Golding visualises the theme of savagery in pages 79 and 80 by describing Jack’s ‘new face’. â€Å"He made one cheek and one eye-socket white, then he rubbed red over the other half of his face and slashed a black bar of charcoal across from right ear to left jaw.†Golding deliberately describes Jack’s face again, even though he had already described the changes concerning his face. By re-describing Jack’s savage like face, the author wants to emphasise the continuously more important getting theme of savagery at this point in the book. As the memory of an adult controlled civilisation fades away, the savage like behaviour increases. Jack’s unnaturally coloured face also resembles his will to hunt, to kill, to destruct.Jack’s character and his look are unifying as his face and character slowly transform into an uncontrollable, savage like monster. Moreover, his new face’s authority is immediately shown in the lines following the description of his face, in which the other are obeying his order to get him a coco-nut. Society as an illusion is nicely demonstrated on page 75 which states â€Å"They had built castles at the bar of the little river. These castles were about one foot high and were decorated with shells, withered flowers, and interesting stones.†This quote is explicitly clarifying the reader that society on the island is dead or an ancient memory at least. The withered flowers on the castle symbolise drained life, when one would see the castle as society, which was originally flourishing as it was beautifully decorated with flowers. However, at this point, the flowers more seem to resemble an overgr own layer of dead weeds, which indicate the lack of care and respect that has been shown to the maintenance of the castle and in this comparison, society.Not only does the castle look abandoned and not-taken-care-of, it is just a few lines away from total destruction as it is destroyed by Roger and Maurice on the next page. From that point onwards, society based on structure and rational thinking has completely crumbled down, burying the principals of their former world. The quote of Ralph on page 85 â€Å"They let the bloody fire out. † can be taken in by the reader in a very ironical way. This is due to various reasons. Firstly, one must ask himself the question: ‘Who is they?’After all, Ralph had quite a leading character in the book. If anyone should be held responsible for the dozing of the fire, one of the most likely would have been Ralph himself. Secondly, he was the first one to reach the top, indicating that if anyone could have been held responsible fo r letting the fire out it is, again, Ralph. The irony continues as Ralph went intensely red after the event had happened. The actual fire might have been let out but the fire like anger awoke inside Ralph because of the dozing of the fire.Ironically, even though at the start of the book the children cherished their fire, as if it was their only way of surviving, yet it is the fire that is neglected causing them to miss out on a potential rescue. Conclusionally, the quotes â€Å"He made one cheek and one eye-socket white, then he rubbed red over the other half of his face and slashed a black bar of charcoal across from right ear to left jaw. † (pages 79 and 80), â€Å"They had built castles at the bar of the little river.These castles were about one foot high and were decorated with shells, withered flowers, and interesting stones. † (page 75) and â€Å"They let the bloody fire out. † (page 85) depict the author’s intentions to express the omnipresence of the theme savagery and the way, which is regularly clarified by the use of symbolism and irony. The author has chosen to clarify this through symbolism and irony, to slowly make the reader more aware of the deeper thought of the book, war.

Anna Freuds Role in the History of Psychology - 1527 Words

Anna Freud, born in 1895, was the daughter of Sigmund Freud, the well-known founder of psychology and the psychoanalytic theory. Anna Freud’s work with her father and his friends and associates as well as her own personal studies, curiosities, and analyses lead her to cofound psychoanalytic child psychology. An appealing woman who did not have much of a formal education, Anna Freud, had an extensive background in psychology, an interesting theoretical perspective, and many contributions to the field. The daughter of Sigmund and Martha Freud, Anna Freud, was the sixth and last child. Born in Vienna, Austria on December 3, 1895, Anna grew up very close to her father, Sigmund. However, she did not develop much of a bond with her mother†¦show more content†¦She took what she learned from her father, expanded on it, and altered it to be relevant for children. Anna believed that children’s symptoms were different from that of adults and often related to developm ental stages. Anna also differed from her father’s theories in that she concentrated more on the ego of the id, ego, and superego. These ideas contributed to her founding of ego psychology. Anna found that the ego deserved much more study than previously given and wrote the book, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense in 1936. This book on defense mechanisms was to give quite a clear depiction of how the defenses work. Anna and her ego psychology had an influential impact on Erik Erikson. Erik later went on to work in and expand the field of ego psychology and psychoanalysis leading to more contributions in the field. Anna continued through the years to expand on her work with children and used her work in various clinics to come up with her theories and techniques. She believed that therapists too often tried to put traditional labels on children and children should not receive labels in this manner. Because children’s problems are more at present, Anna though t to put them on a developmental time-line. Therefore, if a child were at the same pace as far as eating behaviors, play styles, relationships, and hygiene with other children about their same age they were to be considered healthy or normal. However, if a child’s developmentShow MoreRelatedAnna Freud. Bio Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesAnna Freud The philosophic contributions to the formal discipline of psychology have primarily been dominated by male visionaries, but many notable women pioneered a role in the history of psychology between 1850 and 1950. Sigmund Freud was not the only Freudian to establish credibility in the field of psychology, as his youngest daughter Anna Freud pursued a career in psychology and made significant historic contributions. Anna’s background, theoretical perspective, and contributions to theRead More10 Things You Should Know About Sigmund Freud1012 Words   |  5 Pages1. Sigmund Freud Was the Oldest of Eight Children Freud was born as Sigismund Schlomo Freud on May 6, 1856. His father Joseph was a 41-year-old wool merchant who already had two children from a previous marriage. Freuds mother, Amalia, was twenty years younger than her husband. The failure of his fathers business forced the Freud family to move from their home in Freiberg, Moravia to Vienna. Freud has seven siblings, yet he often described himself as his mothers special favorite - her goldenRead MoreThe Human Person Is That It Needs Relationship For Its Existence1625 Words   |  7 Pagesand other interpersonal relationships† (IPS group 2014, p. 9). Based on this IPS assumption, supports such as relationship, loving, caring, and interaction are essential elements that are vital for a human’s survival. Throughout the history of philosophy and psychology, individual observers made assumptions that were related to the IPS model. 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W.E.B Dubois Who Was He - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 534 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: W.E.B Dubois Essay Did you like this example? W.E.B Dubois. Who was he? A writer. A voice for his kind. A student of many schools. He was a great man who fought for his kind and helped us know that all people, no matter where they are or where they are from or been, no matter what their religion is, no matter what human race they are, everyone is equal. Early life W.E.B Dubois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, on February 23, 1868. Died August 27, 1963, Accra, Ghana. There is not much info on what happened between here and his college years, but while growing up in a mostly was in a   European American town, W.E.B. Du Bois identified himself as mulatto, but freely attended school with whites and was enthusiastically supported in his academic studies by his white teachers. In 1885, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to attend Fisk University. In 1895, he became the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He ended up going to four universities (Rudwick, Biography). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "W.E.B Dubois: Who Was He?" essay for you Create order Influences of Web Dubois He had a few Influences that helped him get where he was going in life. Those people were: Karl Marx, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, William James, Alexander Crummell, and George Santayana (none). Web Dubois profession According to Biography, Du Bois wrote extensively and was the best known spokesperson for African-American rights during the first half of the 20th century. He co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.) in 1909. He was also a Civil Rights Activist, Educator, and Journalist. The Harlem Renaissance According to Encyclopedia of Religion and War, In 1905, Du Bois helped to organize the Niagara Movement, an assembly of black leaders opposed to Washingtons leadership and committed to fighting for full civil equality for African-Americans. Inevitably, Du Bois was drawn into debates swirling around the Harlem Renaissance. Interesting facts   W.E.B. Du Bois was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University (1895). He wrote 75 books total in his lifetime. The first case study of an African-American community was conducted by W.E.B. Du Bois, published as The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study (1899). W. E. B. DuBois Died in Ghana; Negro Leader and Author, Age 95 of death. W.E.B. Du Bois died one day before Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream speech at the March on Washington (August 28, 1963) (Hall, Biography, and The New York Times). W.E.B Dubois, born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, on February 23, 1868. W.E.B. Du Bois was mulatto, but freely attended school with whites. In 1895, he was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He was the spokesperson for African-American rights during the first half of the 20th century. In 1905, he helped to organize the Niagara Movement (explained above in The Harlem Renaissance section). The first case the study of African-American community was by W.E.B. Du Bois, published as The Philadelphia Negro. In one of his books, The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois set out to paint a vivid portrait of black people in the decades after emancipation in 1862 how they lived and who they really were.